Francis II of France de Valois ^{1 2}

   Cause of his death was an ear infection worsened and caused an abscess in his brain.

  General Notes:

King of France from 1559, who was dominated throughout his reign by the powerful Guise family.

The eldest son of Henry II and Catherine de Médicis, Francis was married in April 1558 to Mary Stuart, queen of Scots and niece of François, duc de Guise, and of Charles, cardinal of Lorraine. A sickly and weak-willed young man, Francis became a tool of the Guises, who saw an opportunity for power and a chance to break the Huguenot strength within the kingdom. To defeat the Guises, Louis de Bourbon, prince de Condé and Huguenot leader, planned the conspiracy of Amboise (March 1560), an abortive coup d'etat in which some Huguenots surrounded the Château of Amboise and tried to seize the King. The conspiracy was savagely put down, and its failure strengthened the power of the Guises. This in turn frightened Francis' mother, Catherine, who then tried to balance the situation by securing the appointment of the moderate Michel de L'Hospital as chancellor.

In the hopes of gaining peace and rehabilitating court finances, the States General was summoned, but Francis died soon after the session began at Orléans. His death temporarily ended the Guises' dominion and saved Condé, who had been sentenced to death for high treason. Francis was succeeded by his brother, Charles IX.

  Noted events in his life were:

• He was employed in 1558. King of Scotland.

• Acceded: 1559. King of France.

Francis married Mary Stuart of Scotland, daughter of James V Stewart of Scotland and Mary of Lorraine, on 24 Apr 1558 in Notre Dame, Paris, France. (Mary Stuart of Scotland was born on 8 Dec 1542 in Linlithgow Palace, Lothian, Scotland and died on 8 Feb 1587 in Fotheringay Castle, Northamptonshire, England.) The cause of her death was execution.