Constantine IX Monomachus of Byzantium ¹

  General Notes:

Constantine owed his elevation to Zoe, the empress of the Macedonian dynasty, who took him as her third husband. Constantine belonged to the civil party, the opponents of the military magnates, and he neglected the defenses of the empire and reduced the army. He spent extravagant sums on luxuries and magnificent buildings and seriously debased the coinage. Rebellions broke out at home and abroad; the Normans were overrunning the Byzantine possessions in south Italy; the Pechenegs (Patzinaks) crossed the Danube River and attacked Thrace and Macedonia; and the Seljuq Turks made their appearance on the Armenian frontier, which was directly exposed to attack, as the Armenian kingdom of Ani lapsed to Constantinople during this reign.

Constantine attempted to ally with the papacy against the Normans, but relations between the churches of Rome and Constantinople deteriorated. In 1054 the visit of the papal legates resulted in schism. Though he was not outstanding for his statesmanship, it was under his auspices that the University of Constantinople was reorganized, with an efflorescence of learning and letters.

  Noted events in his life were:

• He was a Byzantine Emperor from 12 Jun 1042 to 11 Jan 1055.

Constantine married.

Constantine next married Zoë of Byzantium, daughter of Constantine VIII of Byzantium and Helena, on 11 Jun 1042. (Zoë of Byzantium was born circa 978 in Constantinople [now Istanbul, Turkey] and died in Jun 1050 in Constantinople [now Istanbul, Turkey].)