Matilda of England ^{1 2 3}

   Another name for Matilda was Maud.

  General Notes:

Matilda of England, also known as Maud, was the eldest daughter of Henry II of England and Eleanor of Aquitaine.

Matilda was a younger maternal half-sister of Marie de Champagne and Alix of France. She was a younger sister of William, Count of Poitiers and Henry the Young King. She was also an older sister of Richard I of England, Geoffrey II, Duke of Brittany, Leonora of Aquitaine, Joan of England and John of England. Matilda seems to have spent much of her early life in the company of her mother, Queen Eleanor.

In 1165 Rainald of Dassel, Archbishop of Cologne, arrived at the court of King Henry II at Rouen, to negotiate a German match for Matilda. There was conflict during the negotiations, however, when Robert de Beaumont, 2nd Earl of Leicester refused to greet the archbishop, alleging him to be a schismatic and a supporter of the anti-pope, Victor IV. The original plan to match a daughter of Henry II with a son of Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor was abandoned, and instead Matilda left England in September 1167 to marry Henry the Lion.

She married Henry the Lion, Duke of Saxony and Bavaria, on February 1, 1168 at Brunswick. They had four sons:
- Henry I, Palatine Count of the Rhein (1173-1227);
- Lothar of Bavaria (1174-1190);
- Otto IV, Holy Roman Emperor and Duke of Swabia (1175-1218);
- William, Duke of Lüneburg (1184-1213);
- Matilda of Brunswick (died May 1213), married Geoffrey III, Count of Perche.

At the time of their marriage, Henry the Lion was one of the most powerful allies of Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor. Matilda governed her husband's vast estates during his absence in the Holy Land from 1172 to 1173. In 1174, Henry the Lion became involved in a conflict with the Emperor Frederick, and Henry and Matilda were forced to flee Germany and take refuge in Normandy at her father's court in 1182. During this time at the royal court at Argentan, Matilda became acquainted with the troubador Bertran de Born, who, calling her "Elena" or "Lana", made her the object of his desire in two of his poems of "courtly love".

Matilda, her husband, and their family remained in Normandy under the protection and support of King Henry until 1185, when they were able to return to Saxony. When her father Henry II died in 1189, Matilda survived him by only one week.

Matilda married Henry III the Lion of Saxony, son of Henry IV the Proud of Brunswick and Gertrude of Saxony, on 1 Feb 1168 in Minden Cathedral, Saxony, Germany. (Henry III the Lion of Saxony was born in 1129, died on 6 Aug 1195 in Brunswick, Saxony and was buried in Cathedral of St. Blasius, Brunswick.)